Which amendment requires fair compensation when property is taken by the government?

The 5th Amendment is significant because it includes a clause regarding eminent domain, which allows the government to take private property for public use, provided that fair compensation is given to the property owner. This requirement ensures that individuals are not deprived of their property without just compensation, thus protecting their property rights.

This principle was established to prevent the government from abusing its power and taking property without due process. The phrase “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation” is a fundamental aspect of the amendment that underscores the importance of ensuring fairness in the relationship between the government and property owners.

In contrast, the other amendments mentioned do not pertain to the issue of property rights or compensation for property taken by the government. The 1st Amendment focuses on freedom of speech, religion, and press; the 3rd Amendment deals with the quartering of soldiers; and the 10th Amendment addresses the powers reserved to the states and the people. Therefore, the 5th Amendment is the correct response as it specifically addresses the matter of fair compensation for property appropriated by the government.